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CBSE CLASS XI SUBJECTS LIST & CODE
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CBSE CLASS XI BIOLOGY SYLLABUS (CODE NO.044)
COURSE STRUCTURE BIOLOGY CBSE CLASS -XI
Unit I: Diversity of Living Organism
Chapter-1: The Living World
What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomy-museums, zoological parks, herbaria, botanical gardens.
Chapter-2: Biological Classification
Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups: Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.
Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom
Salient features and classification of plants into major groups - Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category); Angiosperms - classification upto class, characteristic features and examples.
Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom
salient features and classification of animals non chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (three to five salient features and at least two examples of each category).
(No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)
What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomy-museums, zoological parks, herbaria, botanical gardens.
Chapter-2: Biological Classification
Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups: Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.
Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom
Salient features and classification of plants into major groups - Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category); Angiosperms - classification upto class, characteristic features and examples.
Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom
salient features and classification of animals non chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (three to five salient features and at least two examples of each category).
(No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)
Unit 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
Morphology and modifications: Tissues
Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed (to be dealt along with the relevant practical of the Practical Syllabus).
Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals
Animal tissues: Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach). (a brief account only)
Morphology and modifications: Tissues
Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed (to be dealt along with the relevant practical of the Practical Syllabus).
Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals
Animal tissues: Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach). (a brief account only)
Unit 3: Cell Structure and Function
Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life
Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life: Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles - structure and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus, nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus.
Chapter-9: Biomolecules
Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbodydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes, types, properties, enzyme action.
Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.
Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life: Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles - structure and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus, nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus.
Chapter-9: Biomolecules
Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbodydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes, types, properties, enzyme action.
Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.
Unit 4: Plant Physiology
Chapter-11: Transport in Plants
Transport in plants; Movement of water, gases and nutrients; cell to cell transport, Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; plant-water relations, Imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; long distance transport of water - Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; transpiration, opening and closing of stomata;Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients - Transport of food, phloem transport, massflow hypothesis; diffusion of gases.
Chapter-12: Mineral Nutrition
Essential minerals, macro- and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity; elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.
Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Photosynthesis as a mean of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.
Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants
Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.
Chapter-15: Plant - Growth and Development
Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy; vernalisation; photoperiodism.
Transport in plants; Movement of water, gases and nutrients; cell to cell transport, Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; plant-water relations, Imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; long distance transport of water - Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; transpiration, opening and closing of stomata;Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients - Transport of food, phloem transport, massflow hypothesis; diffusion of gases.
Chapter-12: Mineral Nutrition
Essential minerals, macro- and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity; elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.
Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Photosynthesis as a mean of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.
Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants
Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.
Chapter-15: Plant - Growth and Development
Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy; vernalisation; photoperiodism.
Unit 5: Human Physiology & Human Physiology
Chapter-16: Digestion and Absorption
Alimentary canal and digestive glands, role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; calorific values of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; egestion; nutritional and digestive disorders - PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhoea.
Chapter-17: Breating and Exchange of Gases
Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans - exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration - asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.
Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation
Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system - hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.
Chapter-19: Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system - structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function - renin - angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders - uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney.
Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement
Types of movement - ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle-contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal system - myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.
Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination
Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans - central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; reflex action; sensory perception; sense organs; elementary structure and functions of eye and ear.
Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration
Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system - hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary Idea); role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo - and hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addision's disease.
Alimentary canal and digestive glands, role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; calorific values of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; egestion; nutritional and digestive disorders - PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhoea.
Chapter-17: Breating and Exchange of Gases
Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans - exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration - asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.
Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation
Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system - hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.
Chapter-19: Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system - structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function - renin - angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders - uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney.
Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement
Types of movement - ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle-contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal system - myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.
Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination
Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans - central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; reflex action; sensory perception; sense organs; elementary structure and functions of eye and ear.
Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration
Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system - hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary Idea); role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo - and hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addision's disease.
CBSE CLASS XI CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS (CODE NO.043)
COURSE STRUCTURE CHEMISTRY CBSE CLASS -XI
Unit I: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
General Introduction: Importance and scope of chemistry.
Nature of matter, laws of chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory: concept of elements, atoms and molecules.
Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry.
Nature of matter, laws of chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory: concept of elements, atoms and molecules.
Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry.
Unit II: Structure of Atom
Discovery of Electron, Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Thomson's model and its limitations. Rutherford's model and its limitations, Bohr's model and its limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals.
Unit III: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Significance of classification, brief history of the development of periodic table, modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements -atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii Ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency. Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100.
Unit IV: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond; bond parameters, Lewis structure, polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization, involving s,p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only), hydrogen bond.
Unit V: States of Matter: Gases and Liquids
Three states of matter, intermolecular interactions, types of bonding, melting and boiling points, role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule, Boyle's law, Charles law, Gay Lussac's law, Avogadro's law, ideal behaviour, empirical derivation of gas equation, Avogadro's number, ideal gas equation. Deviation from ideal behaviour, liquefaction of gases, critical temperature, kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea)Liquid State- vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only, no mathematical derivations)
Unit VI: Chemical Thermodynamics
Concepts of System and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions.
First law of thermodynamics -internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of ?U and ?H, Hess's law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution. Second law of Thermodynamics (brief introduction)
Introduction of entropy as a state function, Gibb's energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, criteria for equilibrium.
Third law of thermodynamics (brief introduction).
First law of thermodynamics -internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of ?U and ?H, Hess's law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution. Second law of Thermodynamics (brief introduction)
Introduction of entropy as a state function, Gibb's energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, criteria for equilibrium.
Third law of thermodynamics (brief introduction).
Unit VII: Equilibrium
Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium - Le Chatelier's principle, ionic equilibrium-ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of poly basic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, Henderson Equation, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), buffer solution, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative examples).
Unit VIII: Redox Reaction
Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number, applications of redox reactions.
Unit IX: Hydrogen
Position of hydrogen in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen, hydrides-ionic covalent and interstitial; physical and chemical properties of water, heavy water, hydrogen peroxide -preparation, reactions and structure and use; hydrogen as a fuel.
Unit X: s -Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals)
Group 1 and Group 2 Elements
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship, trends in the variation of properties (such as ionization enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii), trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens, uses.
Preparation and Properties of Some Important Compounds:
Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydrogencarbonate, Biological importance of Sodium and Potassium. Calcium Oxide and Calcium Carbonate and their industrial uses, biological importance of Magnesium and Calcium
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship, trends in the variation of properties (such as ionization enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii), trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens, uses.
Preparation and Properties of Some Important Compounds:
Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydrogencarbonate, Biological importance of Sodium and Potassium. Calcium Oxide and Calcium Carbonate and their industrial uses, biological importance of Magnesium and Calcium
Unit XI: Some p -Block Elements
General Introduction to p - Block Elements
Group 13 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous properties of first element of the group, Boron - physical and chemical properties, some important compounds, Borax, Boric acid, Boron Hydrides, Aluminium: Reactions with acids and alkalies, uses.
Group 14 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first elements. Carbon-catenation, allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties; uses of some important compounds: oxides. Important compounds of Silicon and a few uses: Silicon Tetrachloride, Silicones, Silicates and Zeolites, their uses.
Group 13 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous properties of first element of the group, Boron - physical and chemical properties, some important compounds, Borax, Boric acid, Boron Hydrides, Aluminium: Reactions with acids and alkalies, uses.
Group 14 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first elements. Carbon-catenation, allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties; uses of some important compounds: oxides. Important compounds of Silicon and a few uses: Silicon Tetrachloride, Silicones, Silicates and Zeolites, their uses.
Unit XII: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Technique
General introduction, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyper conjugation. Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.
Unit XIII: Hydrocarbons
Classification of Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:
Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.
Alkenes - Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikov's addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.
Alkynes - Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of - hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance, aromaticity, chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution. nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in monosubstituted benzene. Carcinogenicity and toxicity.
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:
Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.
Alkenes - Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikov's addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.
Alkynes - Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of - hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance, aromaticity, chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution. nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in monosubstituted benzene. Carcinogenicity and toxicity.
Unit XIV: Environmenrytal Chemist
Environmental pollution - air, water and soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere, smog, major atmospheric pollutants, acid rain, ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer, greenhouse effect and global warming- pollution due to industrial wastes, green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategies for control of environmental pollution.
CBSE CLASS XI COMPUTER SCIENCE SYLLABUS (CODE NO.083)
COURSE STRUCTURE COMPUTER SCIENCE CBSE CLASS -XI
Unit 1: Computer Fundamentals
Classification of computers: basics of computer and its operation; functional components and their interconnections, concept of booting.
Software concepts: Types of Software - system software, utility software and application software
System Software: Operating system, complier, interpreter and assembler
Operating System: Need for operating system, functions of operating system (processor management, memory management, file management and device management), types of operating system-interactive (GUI based), time sharing, real time and distributed, commonly used operating system: UNIX, LINUX, Windows, Solaris, BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions); Mobile OS –Android, Symbian.
Utility Software: Anti Virus, File Management tools, Compression tools and Disk Management tools (Disk Cleanup, Disk Defragmenter, Backup)
Open Source Concepts: Open source software, freeware, shareware, proprietary software.
Application Software: Office tools - word processor, presentation tool, spreadsheet package, database management system; domain specific tools - school management system, inventory management system, payroll system, financial accounting, hotel management, reservation system and weather forecasting system.
Number System: Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal and conversion between two different number systems.
Internal Storage encoding of Characters: ASCII, ISCII (Indian Scripts Standard Code for Information Interchange), and UNICODE (for multilingual computing)
Microprocessor: Basic concepts, Clock speed (MHz, GHz), 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit, 128 bit processors; Types - CISC Processors (Complex Instruction Set Computing), RISC Processors (Reduced Instruction Set Computing), and EPIC (Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing).
Memory Concepts: Units: Byte, Kilo Byte, Mega Byte, Giga Byte, Tera Byte, Peta Byte, Exa Byte, Zetta Byte, Yotta Byte.
Primary Memory: Cache, RAM, ROM
Secondary Memory: Fixed and Removable storage - Hard Disk Drive, CD/DVD Drive, Pen Drive, Blue Ray Disk.
Input Output Ports/ Connections: Serial, Parallel and Universal Serial Bus, PS-2 port, Infrared port, Bluetooth, Firewire.
Software concepts: Types of Software - system software, utility software and application software
System Software: Operating system, complier, interpreter and assembler
Operating System: Need for operating system, functions of operating system (processor management, memory management, file management and device management), types of operating system-interactive (GUI based), time sharing, real time and distributed, commonly used operating system: UNIX, LINUX, Windows, Solaris, BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions); Mobile OS –Android, Symbian.
Utility Software: Anti Virus, File Management tools, Compression tools and Disk Management tools (Disk Cleanup, Disk Defragmenter, Backup)
Open Source Concepts: Open source software, freeware, shareware, proprietary software.
Application Software: Office tools - word processor, presentation tool, spreadsheet package, database management system; domain specific tools - school management system, inventory management system, payroll system, financial accounting, hotel management, reservation system and weather forecasting system.
Number System: Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal and conversion between two different number systems.
Internal Storage encoding of Characters: ASCII, ISCII (Indian Scripts Standard Code for Information Interchange), and UNICODE (for multilingual computing)
Microprocessor: Basic concepts, Clock speed (MHz, GHz), 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit, 128 bit processors; Types - CISC Processors (Complex Instruction Set Computing), RISC Processors (Reduced Instruction Set Computing), and EPIC (Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing).
Memory Concepts: Units: Byte, Kilo Byte, Mega Byte, Giga Byte, Tera Byte, Peta Byte, Exa Byte, Zetta Byte, Yotta Byte.
Primary Memory: Cache, RAM, ROM
Secondary Memory: Fixed and Removable storage - Hard Disk Drive, CD/DVD Drive, Pen Drive, Blue Ray Disk.
Input Output Ports/ Connections: Serial, Parallel and Universal Serial Bus, PS-2 port, Infrared port, Bluetooth, Firewire.
Unit 2: Programming Methodology
General Concepts: Clarity and simplicity of expressions, Use of proper names for identifiers, comments, indentation; documentation and program maintenance; running and debugging programs, syntax errors, run-time errors, logical errors
Problem solving methodologies: Understanding of the problem, solution for the problem, breaking down solution into simple steps (modular approach), identification of arithmetic and logical operations required for solution; control structure- conditional control and looping (finite and infinite).
Problem Solving: Introduction to algorithms/flowcharts.
Problem solving methodologies: Understanding of the problem, solution for the problem, breaking down solution into simple steps (modular approach), identification of arithmetic and logical operations required for solution; control structure- conditional control and looping (finite and infinite).
Problem Solving: Introduction to algorithms/flowcharts.
Unit 3: Introduction to Python
Getting Started: Introduction to Python - an integrated high level language, interactive mode and script mode. Data types –Number (Integer - boolean, decimal, octal, hexadecimal; Floating point; Complex), none, Sequence (String,Tuples, List ) Sets, Mapping.
Mutable and Immutable Variables
Variables, Expressions and Statements: Values, Variables and keywords; Operators and Operands in Python: (Arithmetic, relational and logical operators), operator precedence, Expressions and Statements (Assignment statement); Taking input (using raw_input() and input()) and displaying output (print statement); Putting Comments.
Functions: Importing Modules (entire module or selected objects), invoking built in functions, functions from math module (for example, ceil, floor, fabs, exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt, cos, sin, tan, degrees, radians), using random() and randint() functions of random module to generate random numbers, composition.
Defining functions, invoking functions, passing parameters (default parameter values, keyword arguments), scope of variables, void functions and functions returning values, flow of execution
Conditional constructs and looping: if else statement while, for (range function), break, continue, else, pass, nested if, nested loops, use of compound expression in conditional and looping construct.
Mutable and Immutable Variables
Variables, Expressions and Statements: Values, Variables and keywords; Operators and Operands in Python: (Arithmetic, relational and logical operators), operator precedence, Expressions and Statements (Assignment statement); Taking input (using raw_input() and input()) and displaying output (print statement); Putting Comments.
Functions: Importing Modules (entire module or selected objects), invoking built in functions, functions from math module (for example, ceil, floor, fabs, exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt, cos, sin, tan, degrees, radians), using random() and randint() functions of random module to generate random numbers, composition.
Defining functions, invoking functions, passing parameters (default parameter values, keyword arguments), scope of variables, void functions and functions returning values, flow of execution
Conditional constructs and looping: if else statement while, for (range function), break, continue, else, pass, nested if, nested loops, use of compound expression in conditional and looping construct.
Unit 4: Programming with Python
Strings: Creating, initialising and accessing the elements; string operators: +, *, in, not in, range slice [n:m]; comparing strings using relational operators; String functions & methods: len, capitalize, find, isalnum, isalpha, isdigit, lower, islower, isupper, upper, lstrip, rstrip, isspace, istitile, partition, replace, join, split, count, decode, encode, swapcase, String constants, Regular Expressions and Pattern Matching
Lists: Concept of mutable lists, creating, initializing and accessing the elements, traversing, appending, updating and deleting elements, composition, lists as arguments
List operations: joining, slicing, + , * , in , not in
List functions and methods: len( ), insert( ), append( ), extend( ), sort( ), remove( ), reverse( ), pop( ), list( ), count( ), extend( ), index( ), cmp( ), max( ), min( )
Dictionaries: Concept of key-value pair, creating, initialising and accessing the elements in a dictionary, traversing, appending updating and deleting elements
Dictionary Functions and methods: cmp( ), len( ), clear( ), get( ), has_key( ), items( ), key( ), update( ), values( ), pop( ), fromkeys( ), dict( )
Tuples: Immutable concept, creating, initialising and accessing elements in a tuple, Tuple assignment, Tuple slices, Tuple indexing,
Tuple Functions: cmp(), len(), max(), min(), tuple(), index(), count(), sum(), any(), all(), sorted(), reversed()
Lists: Concept of mutable lists, creating, initializing and accessing the elements, traversing, appending, updating and deleting elements, composition, lists as arguments
List operations: joining, slicing, + , * , in , not in
List functions and methods: len( ), insert( ), append( ), extend( ), sort( ), remove( ), reverse( ), pop( ), list( ), count( ), extend( ), index( ), cmp( ), max( ), min( )
Dictionaries: Concept of key-value pair, creating, initialising and accessing the elements in a dictionary, traversing, appending updating and deleting elements
Dictionary Functions and methods: cmp( ), len( ), clear( ), get( ), has_key( ), items( ), key( ), update( ), values( ), pop( ), fromkeys( ), dict( )
Tuples: Immutable concept, creating, initialising and accessing elements in a tuple, Tuple assignment, Tuple slices, Tuple indexing,
Tuple Functions: cmp(), len(), max(), min(), tuple(), index(), count(), sum(), any(), all(), sorted(), reversed()
Unit 5: Introduction To C++
Getting Started: C++ character set, C++ Tokens (Identifiers, Keywords, Constants, Operators,), Structure of a C++ Program (include files, main function), Header files – iostream.h, iomanip.h, cout, cin; use of I/O operators (<>), Use of endl and setw ( ), Cascading of I/O operators, compilation , Error Messages; Use of editor, basic commands of editor, compilation, linking and execution.
Data Types, Variables and Constants: Concept of Data types; Built-in Data types: char, int, float and double; Constants: Integer Constants, Character constants - \n, \t, \b), Floating Point Constants, String Constants; Access modifier; Variables of built-in-datatypes, Declaration/Initialization of variables, Assignment statement, Type modifier: signed, unsigned, long
Operator and Expressions: Operators: Arithmetic operators (-,+,*,/,%),Assignment operator(=),C++ shorthands (+=,- =,*=,/=,%=) Unary operator (-), Increment(++) and Decrement (--) Operators, Relation operator (>,>=,<=,=,!=), Logical operators (!,&&,II),Conditional operator; Precedence of Operators; Automatic type conversionin expressions, Type casting;
Data Types, Variables and Constants: Concept of Data types; Built-in Data types: char, int, float and double; Constants: Integer Constants, Character constants - \n, \t, \b), Floating Point Constants, String Constants; Access modifier; Variables of built-in-datatypes, Declaration/Initialization of variables, Assignment statement, Type modifier: signed, unsigned, long
Operator and Expressions: Operators: Arithmetic operators (-,+,*,/,%),Assignment operator(=),C++ shorthands (+=,- =,*=,/=,%=) Unary operator (-), Increment(++) and Decrement (--) Operators, Relation operator (>,>=,<=,=,!=), Logical operators (!,&&,II),Conditional operator; Precedence of Operators; Automatic type conversionin expressions, Type casting;
Unit 6: Programming In C++
Flow of control:
Conditional statements: if else, Nested if, switch..case..default, Nestedswitch..case, break statement (to be used in switch..case only); Loops: while, do - while, for and Nested loops
Inbuilt Functions
Standard input/output functions - stdio.h: gets ( ), puts ( )
Character Functions - Ctype.h: isalnum ( ), isalpha ( ),isdigit ( ), islower ( ), isupper ( ), tolower ( ), toupper ( )
String Function - string.h: strcpy ( ), strcat ( ), strlen ( ), strcmp ( ), strcmpi ( ), strev ( ),strlen ( ), strupur ( ), strlwr( )
Mathematical Functions - math.h: fabs ( ), pow ( ), sgrt ( ), sin ( ), cos ( ), abs ( )
Other Functions - stdlib.h: randomize ( ), random ( )
Introduction to user-defined function and its requirements.
Defining a function; function prototype, Invoking/calling a function, passing arguments to function, specifying argument data types, default argument, constant argument, call by value, call by reference, returning values from a function, scope rules; local and global variables.
Relating to Parameters and return type concepts in built-in functions.
Structured Data Type:
Arrays: Introduction to Array and its advantages.
One Dimensional Array: Declaration/initialization of One-dimensional array, inputting array elements, accessingarray elements, manipulation of array elements (sum of elements, product of elements, average of elements, linear search, finding maximum/minimum value)
Declaration / Initialization of a String, string manipulations (counting vowels/ consonants/ digits/ special characters, case conversion, reversing a string, reversing each word of a string
Two-dimensional Array: Declaration/initialization of a two-dimensional array,inputting array elements accessing array elements, manipulationof array elements (sum of row element, column elements, diagonal elements, finding maximum / minimum values)
User-defined Data Types: Introduction to user defined data types.
Structure: Defining a Structure, declaring structure variables,accessing structure elements, passing structure to functions as value and reference, function returning structure, array of structure
Defining a symbol name using typedef keyword and defining a macro using #define preprocessor directive.
Conditional statements: if else, Nested if, switch..case..default, Nestedswitch..case, break statement (to be used in switch..case only); Loops: while, do - while, for and Nested loops
Inbuilt Functions
Standard input/output functions - stdio.h: gets ( ), puts ( )
Character Functions - Ctype.h: isalnum ( ), isalpha ( ),isdigit ( ), islower ( ), isupper ( ), tolower ( ), toupper ( )
String Function - string.h: strcpy ( ), strcat ( ), strlen ( ), strcmp ( ), strcmpi ( ), strev ( ),strlen ( ), strupur ( ), strlwr( )
Mathematical Functions - math.h: fabs ( ), pow ( ), sgrt ( ), sin ( ), cos ( ), abs ( )
Other Functions - stdlib.h: randomize ( ), random ( )
Introduction to user-defined function and its requirements.
Defining a function; function prototype, Invoking/calling a function, passing arguments to function, specifying argument data types, default argument, constant argument, call by value, call by reference, returning values from a function, scope rules; local and global variables.
Relating to Parameters and return type concepts in built-in functions.
Structured Data Type:
Arrays: Introduction to Array and its advantages.
One Dimensional Array: Declaration/initialization of One-dimensional array, inputting array elements, accessingarray elements, manipulation of array elements (sum of elements, product of elements, average of elements, linear search, finding maximum/minimum value)
Declaration / Initialization of a String, string manipulations (counting vowels/ consonants/ digits/ special characters, case conversion, reversing a string, reversing each word of a string
Two-dimensional Array: Declaration/initialization of a two-dimensional array,inputting array elements accessing array elements, manipulationof array elements (sum of row element, column elements, diagonal elements, finding maximum / minimum values)
User-defined Data Types: Introduction to user defined data types.
Structure: Defining a Structure, declaring structure variables,accessing structure elements, passing structure to functions as value and reference, function returning structure, array of structure
Defining a symbol name using typedef keyword and defining a macro using #define preprocessor directive.
CBSE CLASS XI MATHMATICS SYLLABUS (CODE NO.041)
COURSE STRUCTURE MATHMATICS CBSE CLASS -XI
Unit-I: Sets and Functions
1. Sets
Sets and their representations. Empty set. Finite and Infinite sets. Equal sets. Subsets. Subsets of a set of real numbers especially intervals (with notations). Power set. Universal set. Venn diagrams. Union and Intersection of sets. Difference of sets. Complement of a set. Properties of Complement Sets. Practical Problems based on sets.
2. Relations & Functions
Ordered pairs, Cartesian product of sets. Number of elements in the cartesian product of two finite sets. Cartesian product of the sets of real (upto R x R). Definition of relation, pictorial diagrams, domain, co-domain and range of a relation. Function as a special kind of relation from one set to another. Pictorial representation of a function, domain, co-domain and range of a function. Real valued functions, domain and range of these functions: constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, exponential, logarithmic and greatest integer functions, with their graphs. Sum, difference, product and quotients of functions.
3. Trigonometric Functions
Positive and negative angles. Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion of one into other. Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle. Truth of the sin2x+cos2x=1, for all x. Signs of trigonometric functions. Domain and range of trignometric functions and their graphs. Expressing sin (x±y) and cos (x±y) in terms of sinx, siny, cosx & cosy and their simple application.Identities related to sin 2x, cos2x, tan 2x, sin3x, cos3x and tan3x. General solution of trigonometric equations of the type sin y = sin a, cos y = cos a and tan y = tan
Sets and their representations. Empty set. Finite and Infinite sets. Equal sets. Subsets. Subsets of a set of real numbers especially intervals (with notations). Power set. Universal set. Venn diagrams. Union and Intersection of sets. Difference of sets. Complement of a set. Properties of Complement Sets. Practical Problems based on sets.
2. Relations & Functions
Ordered pairs, Cartesian product of sets. Number of elements in the cartesian product of two finite sets. Cartesian product of the sets of real (upto R x R). Definition of relation, pictorial diagrams, domain, co-domain and range of a relation. Function as a special kind of relation from one set to another. Pictorial representation of a function, domain, co-domain and range of a function. Real valued functions, domain and range of these functions: constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, exponential, logarithmic and greatest integer functions, with their graphs. Sum, difference, product and quotients of functions.
3. Trigonometric Functions
Positive and negative angles. Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion of one into other. Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle. Truth of the sin2x+cos2x=1, for all x. Signs of trigonometric functions. Domain and range of trignometric functions and their graphs. Expressing sin (x±y) and cos (x±y) in terms of sinx, siny, cosx & cosy and their simple application.Identities related to sin 2x, cos2x, tan 2x, sin3x, cos3x and tan3x. General solution of trigonometric equations of the type sin y = sin a, cos y = cos a and tan y = tan
Unit-II: Algebra
1. Principle of Mathematical Induction
Process of the proof by induction, motivating the application of the method by looking at natural numbers as the least inductive subset of real numbers. The principle of mathematical induction and simple applications.
2. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Need for complex numbers, especially √1, to be motivated by inability to solve some of the quardratic equations. Algebraic properties of complex numbers. Argand plane and polar representation of complex numbers. Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, solution of quadratic equations in the complex number system. Square root of a complex number.
3. Linear InequalitiesLinear inequalities. Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their representation on the number line. Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables. Graphical solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables.
4. Permutations and Combinations Fundamental principle of counting. Factorial n. (n!)Permutations and combinations, derivation of formulae and their connections, simple applications.
5. Binomial TheoremHistory, statement and proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral indices. Pascal's triangle, General and middle term in
6. Sequence and Series
Sequence and Series. Arithmetic Progression (A.P.). Arithmetic Mean (A.M.) Geometric Progression (G.P.), general term of a G.P., sum of n terms of a G.P., Arithmetic and Geometric series infinite G.P. and its sum, geometric mean (G.M.),
Process of the proof by induction, motivating the application of the method by looking at natural numbers as the least inductive subset of real numbers. The principle of mathematical induction and simple applications.
2. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Need for complex numbers, especially √1, to be motivated by inability to solve some of the quardratic equations. Algebraic properties of complex numbers. Argand plane and polar representation of complex numbers. Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, solution of quadratic equations in the complex number system. Square root of a complex number.
3. Linear InequalitiesLinear inequalities. Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their representation on the number line. Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables. Graphical solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables.
4. Permutations and Combinations Fundamental principle of counting. Factorial n. (n!)Permutations and combinations, derivation of formulae and their connections, simple applications.
5. Binomial TheoremHistory, statement and proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral indices. Pascal's triangle, General and middle term in
6. Sequence and Series
Sequence and Series. Arithmetic Progression (A.P.). Arithmetic Mean (A.M.) Geometric Progression (G.P.), general term of a G.P., sum of n terms of a G.P., Arithmetic and Geometric series infinite G.P. and its sum, geometric mean (G.M.),
Unit-III: Coordinate Geometry
1. Straight Lines
Brief recall of two dimensional geometry from earlier classes. Shifting of origin. Slope of a line and angle between two lines.
Various forms of equations of a line: parallel to axis, point-slope form, slope-intercept form, two-point form, intercept form and
normal form. General equation of a line. Equation of family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines. Distance
2. Conic Sections
Sections of a cone: circles, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola; a point, a straight line and a pair of intersecting lines as a degenerated
case of a conic section. Standard equations and simple properties of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. Standard equation of a circle.
3. Introduction to Three–dimensional Geometry
Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions. Coordinates of a point. Distance between two points and section formula.
Brief recall of two dimensional geometry from earlier classes. Shifting of origin. Slope of a line and angle between two lines.
Various forms of equations of a line: parallel to axis, point-slope form, slope-intercept form, two-point form, intercept form and
normal form. General equation of a line. Equation of family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines. Distance
2. Conic Sections
Sections of a cone: circles, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola; a point, a straight line and a pair of intersecting lines as a degenerated
case of a conic section. Standard equations and simple properties of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. Standard equation of a circle.
3. Introduction to Three–dimensional Geometry
Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions. Coordinates of a point. Distance between two points and section formula.
Unit-IV: Calculus
1. Limits and Derivatives
Derivative introduced as rate of change both as that of distance function and geometrically.
Intutive idea of limit. Limits of polynomials and rational functions, trignometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Definition of derivative, relate it to slope of tangent of a curve, derivative of sum, difference, product and quotient of functions. The derivative of polynomial and trignometric functions.
Derivative introduced as rate of change both as that of distance function and geometrically.
Intutive idea of limit. Limits of polynomials and rational functions, trignometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Definition of derivative, relate it to slope of tangent of a curve, derivative of sum, difference, product and quotient of functions. The derivative of polynomial and trignometric functions.
Unit-V: Mathematical Reasoning
1. Mathematical Reasoning
Mathematically acceptable statements. Connecting words/ phrases - consolidating the understanding of "if and only if (necessary and sufficient) condition", "implies", "and/or", "implied by", "and", "or", "there exists" and their use through variety of examples related to real life and Mathematics. Validating the statements involving the connecting words difference between contradiction, converse and contrapositive.
Mathematically acceptable statements. Connecting words/ phrases - consolidating the understanding of "if and only if (necessary and sufficient) condition", "implies", "and/or", "implied by", "and", "or", "there exists" and their use through variety of examples related to real life and Mathematics. Validating the statements involving the connecting words difference between contradiction, converse and contrapositive.
Unit-VI: Statistics and Probability
1. Statistics
Measures of dispersion; Range, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data. Analysis of frequency distributions with equal means but different variances.
2. Probability
Random experiments; outcomes, sample spaces (set representation). Events; occurrence of events, 'not', 'and' and 'or' events, exhaustive events, mutually exclusive events, Axiomatic (set theoretic) probability, connections with the theories of earlier classes. Probability of an event, probability of 'not', 'and' and 'or' events.
Measures of dispersion; Range, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data. Analysis of frequency distributions with equal means but different variances.
2. Probability
Random experiments; outcomes, sample spaces (set representation). Events; occurrence of events, 'not', 'and' and 'or' events, exhaustive events, mutually exclusive events, Axiomatic (set theoretic) probability, connections with the theories of earlier classes. Probability of an event, probability of 'not', 'and' and 'or' events.
CBSE CLASS XI PHYSICS SYLLABUS (CODE NO.042)
COURSE STRUCTURE PHYSICS CBSE CLASS -XI
Unit I: Physical World and Measurement
Chapter–1: Physical World
Physics - scope and excitement; nature of physical laws; Physics, technology and society.
Chapter–2: Units and Measurements
Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and derived units. Length, mass and time measurements; accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in measurement; significant figures.
Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
Physics - scope and excitement; nature of physical laws; Physics, technology and society.
Chapter–2: Units and Measurements
Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and derived units. Length, mass and time measurements; accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in measurement; significant figures.
Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
Unit II: Kinematics
Chapter–3: Motion in a Straight Line
Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed and velocity.
Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion.Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity. Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity time and position-time graphs.Relations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment).
Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed and velocity.
Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion.Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity. Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity time and position-time graphs.Relations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment).
Chapter–4: Motion in a Plane
Scalar and vector quantities; Position and displacement vectors, general vectors and their notations; equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number; addition and subtraction of vectors. Relative velocity. Unit vector; Resolution of a vector in a plane - rectangular components. Scalar and Vector product of vectors.
Motion in a plane, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration-projectile motion. Uniform circular motion.
Scalar and vector quantities; Position and displacement vectors, general vectors and their notations; equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number; addition and subtraction of vectors. Relative velocity. Unit vector; Resolution of a vector in a plane - rectangular components. Scalar and Vector product of vectors.
Motion in a plane, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration-projectile motion. Uniform circular motion.
Unit III: Laws of Motion
Chapter–5: Laws of Motion
Intuitive concept of force. Inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum and Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion.Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication.Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on banked road).
Intuitive concept of force. Inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum and Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion.Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication.Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on banked road).
Unit IV: Work, Energy and Power
Chapter–6: Work, Engery and Power
Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy theorem, power.Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces: conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies); non-conservative forces: motion in a vertical circle; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy theorem, power.Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces: conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies); non-conservative forces: motion in a vertical circle; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
Unit V: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body
Chapter–7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of a uniform rod.Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions.Moment of inertia, radius of gyration.Values of moments of inertia, for simple geometrical objects (no derivation). Statement of parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications.
Unit VI: Gravitation
Chapter–8: Gravitation
Keplar's laws of planetary motion.The universal law of gravitation.Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth.Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential. Escape velocity. Orbital velocity of a satellite. Geo-stationary satellites.
Keplar's laws of planetary motion.The universal law of gravitation.Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth.Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential. Escape velocity. Orbital velocity of a satellite. Geo-stationary satellites.
Unit VII: Properties of Bulk Matter
Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Solids
Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity, Poisson's ratio; elastic energy.
Chapter–10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids
Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes). Effect of gravity on fluid pressure.Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity.Bernoulli's theorem and its applications.Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise.
Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter
Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, anomalous expansion of water; specific heat capacity; Cp, Cv - calorimetry; change of state - latent heat capacity.Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, thermal conductivity, Qualitative ideas of Blackbody radiation, Wein's displacement Law, Stefan's law, Green house effect.
Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity, Poisson's ratio; elastic energy.
Chapter–10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids
Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes). Effect of gravity on fluid pressure.Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity.Bernoulli's theorem and its applications.Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise.
Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter
Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, anomalous expansion of water; specific heat capacity; Cp, Cv - calorimetry; change of state - latent heat capacity.Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, thermal conductivity, Qualitative ideas of Blackbody radiation, Wein's displacement Law, Stefan's law, Green house effect.
Unit VIII: Thermodynamics
Chapter–12: Thermodynamics
Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of thermodynamics).Heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics. Isothermal and adiabatic processes.Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes. Heat engine and refrigerator.
Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of thermodynamics).Heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics. Isothermal and adiabatic processes.Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes. Heat engine and refrigerator.
Unit IX: Behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases
Chapter–13: Kinetic Theory
Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas.Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature; rms speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equi-partition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free path, Avogadro's number.
Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas.Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature; rms speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equi-partition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free path, Avogadro's number.
Unit X: Oscillations and Waves
Chapter–14: Oscillations Periodic motion - time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions.Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring-restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M. Kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum derivation of expression for its time period.Free, forced and damped oscillations (qualitative ideas only), resonance.
Chapter–15: Waves
Wave motion. Transverse and longitudinal waves, speed of wave motion. Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats, Doppler effect
Chapter–15: Waves
Wave motion. Transverse and longitudinal waves, speed of wave motion. Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats, Doppler effect
CBSE CLASS XI ENGLISH CORE SYLLABUS (CODE NO.301)
COURSE STRUCTURE ENGLISH CORE CBSE CLASS -XI
Section A: Reading Comprehension
Very short answer and MCQ types questions:
Two unseen passages (including poems) with a variety of questions including 4 marks for vocabulary such as word formation and inferring meaning. The total range of the 2 passages including a poem or a stanza, will be around 900-1000 words.
550-600 words in length (for note-making and summarising)
350-400 words in length (to test comprehension, interpretation and inference
An unseen poem of about 28-35 lines
The passages could be of any one of the following types:
Factual passages, e.g., illustrations, description, reports
Discursive passages involving opinion, e.g., argumentative, persuasive
Literary passages e.g. extracts from fiction, biography, autobiography, travelogue, etc. In the case of a poem, the text may be shorter than the prescribed word limit.
Two unseen passages (including poems) with a variety of questions including 4 marks for vocabulary such as word formation and inferring meaning. The total range of the 2 passages including a poem or a stanza, will be around 900-1000 words.
550-600 words in length (for note-making and summarising)
350-400 words in length (to test comprehension, interpretation and inference
An unseen poem of about 28-35 lines
The passages could be of any one of the following types:
Factual passages, e.g., illustrations, description, reports
Discursive passages involving opinion, e.g., argumentative, persuasive
Literary passages e.g. extracts from fiction, biography, autobiography, travelogue, etc. In the case of a poem, the text may be shorter than the prescribed word limit.
SECTION B: Writing Skills and Grammar
Writing
Short Answer Questions: Based on notice/ poster/ advertisement
Long Answer Questions: Letters based on verbal/visual input. It would cover all types of letters.
Letter types may include:business or official letters (for making enquiries, registering complaints, asking for and giving information, placing orders and sending replies)
letters to the editor (giving suggestions on an issue)
application for a job with a bio-data or resume
letter to the school or college authorities, regarding admissions, school issues, requirements /suitability of courses, etc.
Very Long Answer Question: Composition in the form of article, speech, report writing or a narrative
Grammar
Different grammatical structures in meaningful contexts will be tested. Item types will include gap filling, sentence re-ordering, dialogue completion and sentence transformation. The grammar syllabus will include determiners, tenses, clauses, modals and Change of Voice. These grammar areas will be tested using the following short answer type and MCQ type questions:
Error Correction, editing tasks
Re-ordering of Sentences
Transformation of sentences
Short Answer Questions: Based on notice/ poster/ advertisement
Long Answer Questions: Letters based on verbal/visual input. It would cover all types of letters.
Letter types may include:business or official letters (for making enquiries, registering complaints, asking for and giving information, placing orders and sending replies)
letters to the editor (giving suggestions on an issue)
application for a job with a bio-data or resume
letter to the school or college authorities, regarding admissions, school issues, requirements /suitability of courses, etc.
Very Long Answer Question: Composition in the form of article, speech, report writing or a narrative
Grammar
Different grammatical structures in meaningful contexts will be tested. Item types will include gap filling, sentence re-ordering, dialogue completion and sentence transformation. The grammar syllabus will include determiners, tenses, clauses, modals and Change of Voice. These grammar areas will be tested using the following short answer type and MCQ type questions:
Error Correction, editing tasks
Re-ordering of Sentences
Transformation of sentences
Section C: Literature and Long Reading Texts
Questions to test comprehension at different levels: literal, inferential and evaluative
Hornbill: Textbook published by NCERT
Snapshots: Supplementary Reader published by NCERT
The following lessons have been deleted:
Landscape of the Soul
The Adventure
Silk Road
The Laburnum Top (Poetry)
The Ghat of the only World (Snapshots)
Very Short Answer Questions - Based on an extract from poetry to test reference to context comprehension and appreciation.
Short Answer Questions - Based on prose, poetry and plays from both the texts.
Long Answer Question - Based on prescribed texts to test global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the texts to bring out the key messages and values.
Long Answer Questions - Based on theme, plot, incidents or event from the prescribed novels.
Long Answer Question - Based on understanding appreciation, analysis and interpretation of the characters.
Note: Values-based questions may be given as long answers in the writing or literature sections.
Long Reading Texts / Novels (either one)
With a view to inculcate the habit of reading among the students, CBSE has introduced compulsory reading of a Long Reading Text - Novel in the English Core Course and will be evaluated in the Term-end Assessments. Schools can opt for either one of the texts.
i) The Canterville Ghost by Oscar Wilde (unabridged 1906 Edition)
ii) Up from Slavery by Booker T. Washington (unabridged 2000 Edition)
Hornbill: Textbook published by NCERT
Snapshots: Supplementary Reader published by NCERT
The following lessons have been deleted:
Landscape of the Soul
The Adventure
Silk Road
The Laburnum Top (Poetry)
The Ghat of the only World (Snapshots)
Very Short Answer Questions - Based on an extract from poetry to test reference to context comprehension and appreciation.
Short Answer Questions - Based on prose, poetry and plays from both the texts.
Long Answer Question - Based on prescribed texts to test global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the texts to bring out the key messages and values.
Long Answer Questions - Based on theme, plot, incidents or event from the prescribed novels.
Long Answer Question - Based on understanding appreciation, analysis and interpretation of the characters.
Note: Values-based questions may be given as long answers in the writing or literature sections.
Long Reading Texts / Novels (either one)
With a view to inculcate the habit of reading among the students, CBSE has introduced compulsory reading of a Long Reading Text - Novel in the English Core Course and will be evaluated in the Term-end Assessments. Schools can opt for either one of the texts.
i) The Canterville Ghost by Oscar Wilde (unabridged 1906 Edition)
ii) Up from Slavery by Booker T. Washington (unabridged 2000 Edition)
CBSE CLASS XI ENGLISH ELECTIVE SYLLABUS (CODE NO.101)
COURSE STRUCTURE ENGLISH ELECTIVE CBSE CLASS -XI
Section A: Advanced Reading Skills
MCQs, very short answer and short answer questions: to test comprehension, analysis, inference, evaluation and literary appreciation
1. 450-500 words in length for note-making and summarising
2. 400-450 words in length (comprehension and vocabulary)
The passages or poems could be of any of the following types:
a) Factual passages, e.g., instructions, descriptions, reports.
b) Discursive passages involving opinion, e.g., argumentative, reflective persuasive, etc.
c) Literary texts, e.g., poems, extracts from fiction, biography, autobiography, travelogue, etc.
Note: In the case of a poem, the text may be shorter than 200 words or 20-24 lines.
1. 450-500 words in length for note-making and summarising
2. 400-450 words in length (comprehension and vocabulary)
The passages or poems could be of any of the following types:
a) Factual passages, e.g., instructions, descriptions, reports.
b) Discursive passages involving opinion, e.g., argumentative, reflective persuasive, etc.
c) Literary texts, e.g., poems, extracts from fiction, biography, autobiography, travelogue, etc.
Note: In the case of a poem, the text may be shorter than 200 words or 20-24 lines.
Section B: Writing Skills and Grammar
This section will include writing tasks as indicated below:
3. Short Answer Questions: Messages, notices, e-mails (formal) and description of people.
Note: Though e-mail is included as one of the writing tasks, it is suggested that it may be tested as a part of internal or formative assessment.
4. Long Answer Question: Based on a verbal or visual input:
a) Official letter for making inquiries, suggesting changes, registering complaints, asking for and giving information, placing orders and replies.
b) Letters to the editor on various social, national and international issues.
5. Very Long Answer Question: Sustained writing tasks such as writing a speech, an article for a magazine or report based on a verbal or a visual input.
3. Short Answer Questions: Messages, notices, e-mails (formal) and description of people.
Note: Though e-mail is included as one of the writing tasks, it is suggested that it may be tested as a part of internal or formative assessment.
4. Long Answer Question: Based on a verbal or visual input:
a) Official letter for making inquiries, suggesting changes, registering complaints, asking for and giving information, placing orders and replies.
b) Letters to the editor on various social, national and international issues.
5. Very Long Answer Question: Sustained writing tasks such as writing a speech, an article for a magazine or report based on a verbal or a visual input.
Grammar
A variety of questions through MCQs and Very Short Answer type questions may be asked to test grammar items in context (not as isolated sentences). Though only modals, determiners, voice and tense forms are being dealt with in Class XI, other grammar items such as prepositions, verb forms, connectors which have been learnt earlier would also be included.
Drafting questions/questionnaires based on verbal/visual input
Composing a dialogue based on the given input
Recognizing consonant and vowel values in pronunciation/ sentence and word stress
Correction of errors in sentences
A variety of questions through MCQs and Very Short Answer type questions may be asked to test grammar items in context (not as isolated sentences). Though only modals, determiners, voice and tense forms are being dealt with in Class XI, other grammar items such as prepositions, verb forms, connectors which have been learnt earlier would also be included.
Drafting questions/questionnaires based on verbal/visual input
Composing a dialogue based on the given input
Recognizing consonant and vowel values in pronunciation/ sentence and word stress
Correction of errors in sentences
Section C: Literature Textbooks and Long Reading Texts
Questions are asked to test local and global comprehension involving interpretative, inferential, evaluative and extrapolatory skills.
Very Short Answer Questions: Any two out of three extracts based on different poems to test theme, setting and literary devices.
Short Answer Questions: Based on different prose prose / drama / poetry / peices to test Local and Global comprehension of ideas and language.
Long Answer Question: Based on prose or play to test comprehension of characters, actions and plot appreciation of literary conventions and reasoning.
Note: Short answer questions or long answer questions based on values can be given in the writing section or in the literature section.
Long Answer Questions: To test understanding, appreciation, analysis, inference in the plot of the long reading text and writing a character sketch.
Assessment of Speaking and Listening Skills (ASL)
It is recommended that speaking and listening skills should be regularly taught in the class.
Prescribed Books
Language Skills Book
Literature Reader
The Novels: (either one)
The Canterville Ghost by Oscar Wilde
Up from Slavery by Booker T. Washington
Very Short Answer Questions: Any two out of three extracts based on different poems to test theme, setting and literary devices.
Short Answer Questions: Based on different prose prose / drama / poetry / peices to test Local and Global comprehension of ideas and language.
Long Answer Question: Based on prose or play to test comprehension of characters, actions and plot appreciation of literary conventions and reasoning.
Note: Short answer questions or long answer questions based on values can be given in the writing section or in the literature section.
Long Answer Questions: To test understanding, appreciation, analysis, inference in the plot of the long reading text and writing a character sketch.
Assessment of Speaking and Listening Skills (ASL)
It is recommended that speaking and listening skills should be regularly taught in the class.
Prescribed Books
Language Skills Book
Literature Reader
The Novels: (either one)
The Canterville Ghost by Oscar Wilde
Up from Slavery by Booker T. Washington
CBSE CLASS XI ENGLISH ELECTIVE SYLLABUS (CODE NO.101)
COURSE STRUCTURE ENGLISH ELECTIVE CBSE CLASS -XI
Unit I: Concept of Home Science and its Scope
(i) Evolution of the discipline of Home Science
(ii) Five major areas
(iii) Relevance in improving the quality of life
(ii) Five major areas
(iii) Relevance in improving the quality of life
Unit II: Human development: life span approach (Part I)
(i) Introduction to different stages: infancy, early childhood, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age
(a) Infancy (birth to 2 years) :Physical - height, weight and body proportions; motor development during 0-3 months, 3-6 months, 6-9 months, 9-12 months and 1-2 years (milestones only); social and emotional development; expression of emotions, socialization; cognitive and language development.
(b) Early childhood (3- 6 years):characteristics
(c) Childhood (7 - 11 years): behavioural problems of children and suggestive measures
(ii) Protection from preventable diseases:
(a) Immunization - concept and types (natural and acquired), breast feeding (one of the ways to develop natural immunity); immunization chart;
(b) Symptoms, prevention, after care and incubation period of childhood diseases: tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, polio, measles, cholera, diarrhoea and chicken pox.
(iii) Substitute care at home and outside:
(a) by Grandparents, creche/day care centres
(b) Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) - objectives and functions.
(iv) Special needs and care of disadvantaged and differently abled children: socially disadvantaged, visually impaired (partial and complete), hearing impaired, orthopedically impaired (affected/missing limb)
(v) Managing Emergencies
First aid to cuts, burns, fractures, bites (snake, dog and insects), poisoning, fainting, asthma, heart attack, drowing.
(a) Infancy (birth to 2 years) :Physical - height, weight and body proportions; motor development during 0-3 months, 3-6 months, 6-9 months, 9-12 months and 1-2 years (milestones only); social and emotional development; expression of emotions, socialization; cognitive and language development.
(b) Early childhood (3- 6 years):characteristics
(c) Childhood (7 - 11 years): behavioural problems of children and suggestive measures
(ii) Protection from preventable diseases:
(a) Immunization - concept and types (natural and acquired), breast feeding (one of the ways to develop natural immunity); immunization chart;
(b) Symptoms, prevention, after care and incubation period of childhood diseases: tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, polio, measles, cholera, diarrhoea and chicken pox.
(iii) Substitute care at home and outside:
(a) by Grandparents, creche/day care centres
(b) Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) - objectives and functions.
(iv) Special needs and care of disadvantaged and differently abled children: socially disadvantaged, visually impaired (partial and complete), hearing impaired, orthopedically impaired (affected/missing limb)
(v) Managing Emergencies
First aid to cuts, burns, fractures, bites (snake, dog and insects), poisoning, fainting, asthma, heart attack, drowing.
Unit III: Food, Nutrition, Health and Fitness
(i) Definition of food, nutrition, health (WHO) and fitness
(ii) Functions of food:
Physiological (body building, energy giving, protective, regulatory)
Psychological
Social
(iii) Selection of food for optimum nutrition and good health:
(a) Nutrients: sources, functions and deficiency and its prevention; Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats, Vitamins- Fat soluble (A, D, E, K) and water soluble (B1, B2, Niacin, Folic acid, B12 and Vitamin C), Minerals (Calcium, Iron, Zinc and Iodine).
(iv) Maximising nutritive value of food by proper selection, preparation and storage:
(a) Selection of foods: Fruits, vegetables, egg, fish, poultry, meat, milk and milk products, spices, cereals and pulses and convenience food. Storage of foods:Perishable, semi perishable, non perishable and convenience food.
(b) Food Processing:
Reasons of food spoilage of food
Food processing methods - Dehydration, Freezing, Use of preservatives: Natural and chemical.
(c) Preparation of food:
Principles
Methods: boiling, steaming, pressure cooking, deep and shallow frying, baking, sautéing, roasting, grilling, solar cooking and microwave cooking.
Loss of nutrients and steps to minimise nutrient loss during preparation.
Methods of enhancing nutrient availability germination, fermentation, fortification and food combination.
(ii) Functions of food:
Physiological (body building, energy giving, protective, regulatory)
Psychological
Social
(iii) Selection of food for optimum nutrition and good health:
(a) Nutrients: sources, functions and deficiency and its prevention; Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats, Vitamins- Fat soluble (A, D, E, K) and water soluble (B1, B2, Niacin, Folic acid, B12 and Vitamin C), Minerals (Calcium, Iron, Zinc and Iodine).
(iv) Maximising nutritive value of food by proper selection, preparation and storage:
(a) Selection of foods: Fruits, vegetables, egg, fish, poultry, meat, milk and milk products, spices, cereals and pulses and convenience food. Storage of foods:Perishable, semi perishable, non perishable and convenience food.
(b) Food Processing:
Reasons of food spoilage of food
Food processing methods - Dehydration, Freezing, Use of preservatives: Natural and chemical.
(c) Preparation of food:
Principles
Methods: boiling, steaming, pressure cooking, deep and shallow frying, baking, sautéing, roasting, grilling, solar cooking and microwave cooking.
Loss of nutrients and steps to minimise nutrient loss during preparation.
Methods of enhancing nutrient availability germination, fermentation, fortification and food combination.
Unit IV: Family and Community Resources
(i) Concept of Family and Community resources
(ii) Types, Management and Conservation of:
(a) Human / Personal Resources: knowledge, skills, time, energy, aptitude.
(b) Non-human / material resources:money, goods, property.
(c) Community facilities / shared resources:Schools, parks, hospitals, roads, transport, water, electricity, library, fuel and fodder.
(iii) Management:
(a) Meaning and need for management.
(b) Steps in management: planning, organizing, controlling, implementing and evaluation.
(c) Decision making and its role in management.
(iv) Time, energy and space management:
(a) Need and procedure for managing time and energy.
(b) Work simplifications: Techniques for time and energy management.
(c) Need and ways of space management.
(d) Elements of art and principles of design.
(e) Use of colours, light and accessories in space management; Prang colour wheel, dimensions of colours, classes and colour schemes.
(ii) Types, Management and Conservation of:
(a) Human / Personal Resources: knowledge, skills, time, energy, aptitude.
(b) Non-human / material resources:money, goods, property.
(c) Community facilities / shared resources:Schools, parks, hospitals, roads, transport, water, electricity, library, fuel and fodder.
(iii) Management:
(a) Meaning and need for management.
(b) Steps in management: planning, organizing, controlling, implementing and evaluation.
(c) Decision making and its role in management.
(iv) Time, energy and space management:
(a) Need and procedure for managing time and energy.
(b) Work simplifications: Techniques for time and energy management.
(c) Need and ways of space management.
(d) Elements of art and principles of design.
(e) Use of colours, light and accessories in space management; Prang colour wheel, dimensions of colours, classes and colour schemes.
Unit V: Fabric and Apparel
(i) Introduction to Fibre Science:
(a) Classifications of fibre
Natural: cotton, silk and wool
Manufactured: rayon, nylon and polyester
Blends: terry cot, terry silk, terry wool
(b) Characteristics of fibre
(c) Suitability for use
(ii) Fabric Construction:
(a) Yarn making: Basic procedure of making yarn.
Simple : Two Ply, Four Ply, Multiple and Cord
Novelty: Slub, Knot, Flock, Spiral
Blended yarns
(b) Weaving:
Basic mechanism
Concept of Looms
Types of weaves: plain (basket and rib), twill, sateen and satin weave. A brief mention of special weaves: pile and jacquard weaves.
Effect of weaves on appearance, durability and maintenance of garment.
(c) Other methods of fabric constructions: knitting, non-woven fabrics: felting and bonding
(iii) Fabric Finishes:
(a) Meaning and importance.
(b) Classification of finishes
Basic finishes: (cleaning scouring), singeing, bleaching, stiffening, calendaring and tentering
Functional Finishes: Water proofing, sanforization, mercerization, moth proofing
(iv) Dyeing and Printing
(a) Importance of dyeing and printing
(b) Types and sources of Dyes-natural, synthetic
(c) Methods of Dyeing and Printing: Plain Dyeing, tie and dye, Batik printing, Block printing.
(a) Classifications of fibre
Natural: cotton, silk and wool
Manufactured: rayon, nylon and polyester
Blends: terry cot, terry silk, terry wool
(b) Characteristics of fibre
(c) Suitability for use
(ii) Fabric Construction:
(a) Yarn making: Basic procedure of making yarn.
Simple : Two Ply, Four Ply, Multiple and Cord
Novelty: Slub, Knot, Flock, Spiral
Blended yarns
(b) Weaving:
Basic mechanism
Concept of Looms
Types of weaves: plain (basket and rib), twill, sateen and satin weave. A brief mention of special weaves: pile and jacquard weaves.
Effect of weaves on appearance, durability and maintenance of garment.
(c) Other methods of fabric constructions: knitting, non-woven fabrics: felting and bonding
(iii) Fabric Finishes:
(a) Meaning and importance.
(b) Classification of finishes
Basic finishes: (cleaning scouring), singeing, bleaching, stiffening, calendaring and tentering
Functional Finishes: Water proofing, sanforization, mercerization, moth proofing
(iv) Dyeing and Printing
(a) Importance of dyeing and printing
(b) Types and sources of Dyes-natural, synthetic
(c) Methods of Dyeing and Printing: Plain Dyeing, tie and dye, Batik printing, Block printing.
Unit VI: Community Development and Extension (Part I)
(i) Respect for girl child
(ii) Media: Concept, Classification, Function
(iii) Communication:
Concept
Importance
Method
Types
Elements
Effective communicative skills
(iv) Keeping community spaces clean
(ii) Media: Concept, Classification, Function
(iii) Communication:
Concept
Importance
Method
Types
Elements
Effective communicative skills
(iv) Keeping community spaces clean
NOTE: The information taken from Central Board of Secondary Education(CBSE) at cbse.nic.in, is represented here in a user-friendly way for convenience of students. User must refer CBSE for current status of information.